Fat Bitches Are in Season Again
What is infertility?
Infertility in a female domestic dog is defined as the inability to conceive and evangelize viable puppies, even when mated multiple times with a known fertile male surrounding the fourth dimension of ovulation.
What are the causes of infertility in female dogs?
Fertility problems in female dogs can be broken downwards into several wide categories, including:
- abnormal estrous cycling
- failure to copulate (brood)
- failure to conceive
- pregnancy loss
What is abnormal cycling?
A normal female person domestic dog should brainstorm having estrous (oestrus) cycles by 24 months of age. There are several stages in the estrous cycle; the stage called estrus refers to when the female is in heat or is sexually receptive. Once these cycles begin, the domestic dog should experience estrus at regular intervals. Almost female person dogs cycle every 4 to ten months, although there are exceptions; some dogs may just wheel one time per twelvemonth.
Aberrant cycling is a term used to draw a female dog that is not experiencing normal heat cycles. These abnormalities may include delayed, absent, or irregular cycles.
Primary persistent anestrus describes a female dog that has reached 24 months of age without estrous cycling. This condition may be caused by a number of factors, including malnutrition, excessive physical action, medications that interfere with fertility, or a lack of exposure to other cycling females. Additionally, hormonal imbalances and genetic disorders may prevent normal estrous cycles. Some dogs experience a status chosen silent estrus, in which they do ovulate merely the characteristic signs of being in estrus, vulvar swelling and belch, are not observed. Although rare, some dogs may also accept an autoimmune disease that affects their ovaries and interferes with estrous cycling.
If a domestic dog has experienced ane cycle but does not bicycle again, secondary persistent anestrus may be diagnosed. This term describes a delay of over 18 months since the terminal estrus. In some dogs, this is an age-related condition; dogs under 24 months old may experience irregular cycles, and the same is typically seen in older dogs. Some dogs may also experience silent estrus, as discussed in a higher place. A multifariousness of infections (e.g., E. coli, brucellosis, ureaplasmosis) as well as metabolic diseases (e.g., renal failure, Cushing's disease) may also crusade systemic diseases that tin can pb to a failure to bike. Exposure to exogenous (external) oral and topical steroids (such as in the example of owners who have practical steroid/hormone creams to their pare) and hormonal imbalances may also pb to persistent anestrus, as tin can ovarian tumors.
A dog that enters heat and remains in heat for over six weeks is diagnosed with persistent rut. Causes of persistent heat include exposure to exogenous hormones (intentionally or unintentionally), hormonally-active ovarian cysts, and ovarian tumors.
Irregular heat cycling indicates that the ovaries are not functioning properly. In this instance, abnormal hormone levels are ofttimes responsible for a failure to trigger regular estrous cycles.
What causes failure to copulate?
If the time of fertility is inaccurately estimated, this may lead to the female being unwilling to copulate. Many cases of female person infertility are likely related to poorly-timed breeding.
"Many cases of female infertility are likely related to poorly-timed breeding"
Behavioral factors may also contribute to a refusal to copulate. These factors include a ascendant female canis familiaris refusing to represent a submissive male, attempts to brood a female that is sexually immature, a stressful or otherwise unpleasant convenance environment, and inappropriate behaviors by either the male or female.
Physical factors may too contribute to a failure to copulate, if they are a source of pain for the female person. Common physical causes of reluctance to copulate include hereditary abnormalities of the vagina, a history of vaginal trauma, or vaginal growths. Additionally, weather such as osteoarthritis or back pain may make females resistant to continuing for a male, leading to a reluctance to copulate.
Why would a canis familiaris with normal copulation, performed at the advisable fourth dimension, fail to conceive?
In many cases, failure to conceive is related to poor timing. If the breeding is properly timed, the male person is known to be fertile, and the semen was handled correctly (in the case of bogus insemination), physical abnormalities of the female may be suspected.
Infection or inflammation of the uterus may be associated with decreased fertility. Some degree of uterine inflammation, known equally cystic endometrial hyperplasia, is observed in many female dogs over six years of age. Infections such equally Brucellosis or canine herpesvirus may also interfere with successful formulation.
Hereditary abnormalities of the reproductive tract may likewise interfere with successful conception or implantation. Finally, masses such as benign uterine polyps or malignant tumors may interfere with conception.
If a canis familiaris successfully conceives, what tin crusade pregnancy loss?
Pregnancy loss may be attributed to a number of factors. Imbalances in reproductive hormones may result in bereft hormone levels to sustain pregnancy. Other hormonal imbalances, such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, may have effects on reproductive hormone levels and result in pregnancy loss.
The administration of sure drugs may lead to fetal death, as can a number of infections (most notably Brucellosis).
What tests will my veterinarian run to appraise my female canis familiaris's infertility?
Your veterinarian volition brainstorm with a complete concrete test and history, which may suggest a the cause of infertility. Next, your veterinarian will likely perform a number of tests, in club to assess the crusade of your dog's infertility. These tests include:
- Complete blood cell count, chemistry, and urinalysis. This baseline screening lab work is used to assess your pet'south overall health and search for concurrent medical conditions.
- Communicable diseases screening. Your veterinary volition likely test for the presence of Brucellosis, and may examination for other infectious diseases if indicated, based on the examination and screening lab work.
- Hormone assays. A number of hormone assays may be performed. These may include assays for progesterone (a hormone that aids in the maintenance of pregnancy), estradiol (a hormone involved in estrous cycling), and relaxin (a hormone involved in embryonic loss).
- Imaging. Your veterinarian may utilize X-rays or ultrasound to look for abnormalities in the abdomen.
- Vaginal cytology and culture. This examination involves taking a swab from the vagina for microscopic exam and bacterial culture.
How is infertility treated in the female domestic dog?
The treatment of infertility depends upon the results obtained during the diagnostic workup, and the resulting diagnosis. Ovarian cysts or tumors may require surgical excision, hormonal imbalances may need to be corrected, and infections may crave treatment.
"All convenance females should exist provided with a sanitary, depression-stress environment, and optimal nutrition."
Medications can be used to induce estrus in dogs that are not cycling. The success of this technique is variable, but it tin lead to a successful breeding.
Optimizing the timing of breeding may be helpful, as many cases of female infertility are due to poor breeding management. This can exist virtually finer washed by measuring hormone levels to determine the day of ovulation. In cases where natural convenance can be performed, the dogs should be immune to mate every other day for as long every bit the female will allow it. With artificial insemination, the optimal timing for insemination should be based on the type of semen used and the method of insemination.
Regardless of fertility status, all breeding females should be provided with a sanitary, low-stress environment, and optimal diet. Raw diets should be avoided in breeding dogs, due to the risk of infections that may contribute to infertility.
Source: https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/infertility-in-female-dogs
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