How to Be a Hepburn in a Kardashian World the Art of Living With Style Class and Grace

(50–R): Artists Amy Sherald, Yayoi Kusama and Georgia O'Keefe. Photo Courtesy: Amy Davis/Baltimore Sun/Tribune News Service/Getty Images; Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty Images; Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

If you've ever taken an art history form or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are y'all know a lot about the men who "divers" their mediums. As with other subjects, about of what we larn about art history today still centers on white men from Europe and, later, the United States. In reality, there are so many more artists of all genders to learn from and capeesh.

Here, we're specifically taking a look at simply some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art world's most iconic pioneers to its nearly unsung heroes, these women artists all had a paw — and, in some cases, yet have a hand — in changing the world of fine art and how we define information technology.

Laura Wheeler Waring

Laura Wheeler Waring'due south portraits Anna Washington Derry and Alice Dunbar Nelson. Photos Courtesy: National Portrait Gallery/Wikimedia Eatables

Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than than 30 years. After studying the piece of work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United States, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Blackness Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.

Cindy Sherman

Two photographs from Cindy Sherman's Untitled Film Stills (1977–80). serial. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modernistic Art (MoMA)

Photographer Cindy Sherman was function of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perhaps most well known for her series of Untitled Motion picture Stills (1977–80) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female film characters, amongst them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and collective identities.

Yoko Ono

A still from the operation Cut Piece, 1964, and a picture of the installation Half-A-Room, 1967, as seen at the Museum of Mod Art in New York City in 2015. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

You might first think of Yoko Ono every bit a musician and activist, merely she's besides an achieved performance and conceptual creative person. Ono was considered a pioneer in the functioning art move, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".

1 of her about revered works, Cut Piece, was a performance she start staged in Nippon; Ono sat on stage in a squeamish suit and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come on stage and cut away pieces of her habiliment. "Art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do information technology, I start to asphyxiate."

Betye Saar

Betye Saar's Black Girl'south Window, 1969 (full and particular). Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied pattern and was employed every bit a social worker. A printmaking elective changed her entire career trajectory — and, in turn, part of the trajectory of art history.

Saar was part of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If yous can get the viewer to look at a work of art, and then you might be able to give them some sort of message."

Frida Kahlo

People expect at Frida Kahlo'due south 1939 painting Las Dos Fridas at the Globe Forum of Culture in 2007, which was held in Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Alejandro Acosta/AFP/Getty Images

Information technology's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes like death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as one of the nigh influential artists of the Surrealist move.

Yayoi Kusama

A viewer photographs inside the Aftermath of Obliteration of Eternity room during a preview of the Yayoi Kusama's Infinity Mirrors showroom at the Hirshhorn Museum Feb 21, 2017 in Washington, D.C. Photo Courtesy: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, just she'south likewise known for her hyper-real sculptures, polka dots, installations, and so much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which use mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.

Amy Sherald

Erstwhile Kickoff Lady Michelle Obama (L) and artist Amy Sherald (R) unveil Mrs. Obama'due south portrait at the Smithsonian'due south National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. on February 12, 2018. Photograph by Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images

Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, frequently doing everyday activities — something that became more mutual in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you recognize Sherald'south work — and her signature grayscale skin tones — equally she was the first Black woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.

Georgia O'Keeffe

In 1960, Georgia O'Keeffe poses outdoors beside a piece of work from her series, Pelvis Serial Red With Yellow in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

Known as the mother of American modernism, you likely associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just perchance, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the starting time woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art earth, all by painting in her unique style.

Adrian Piper

Adrian Piper wins the Golden Lion for all-time artist in Okwui Enwezor'due south biennial exhibition All the World's Futures, part of the 56th Venice Biennale in 2015. Photo Courtesy: Awakening/Getty Images

Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York Metropolis. She used her piece of work to question society, identity, and racial politics by enervating the audience to confront truths nearly themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economic form, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.

Shirin Neshat

Shirin Neshat's poses in front of a photograph in her exhibition Our House Is on Fire at the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation in New York Metropolis in 2014. Photo Courtesy: Cem Ozdel/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — earlier the Islamic republic of iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is all-time known for her photography, moving picture, and video work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works frequently create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.

Jenny Holzer

Jenny Holzer continuing in forepart of her installation at the Guggenheim Museum. Photo Courtesy: Marianne Barcellona/Getty Images

Equally a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer's piece of work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.

These works display phrases that act equally meditations on various concepts, such as trauma, noesis, and hope. 1 of her more than notable works, I Odour You On My Skin, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.

Rebecca Belmore

Rebecca Belmore's Fringe, 2008. Photo Courtesy: Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO)

Much of Rebecca Belmore's art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise awareness effectually the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous Due north American culture. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous woman to stand for Canada at the Venice Biennale.

Louise Bourgeois

A person looks at Louise Conservative' Spider. Photo Courtesy: Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images

While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is ameliorate known for her installation fine art and sculptures — like the spider higher up — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the principal styles shaping the art world.

Mickalene Thomas

Mickalene Thomas' A Petty Taste Outside of Love, 2007. Photograph Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Heavily influenced by pop culture and pop art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her piece of work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.

Judy Chicago

Judy Chicago's seminal work The Dinner Political party. Photo Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Judy Chicago was one of the major figures within the early Feminist Fine art movement. As exemplified in her iconic work The Dinner Party, her installation pieces frequently examine the role of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and before. While at California State University in Fresno, Chicago founded the first feminist fine art program in the United States.

Augusta Brutal

Augusta Barbarous with ane of her sculptures in the mid-1930s. Photo Courtesy: Andrew Herman/Archives of American Art/Wikimedia Eatables

Augusta Roughshod was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In improver to creating breathtaking sculptures, often of Black folks, Cruel founded the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later, she became the kickoff Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.

Carolee Schneemann

Photograph Courtesy: Museum of Mod Art (MoMA)

Known for her provocative operation art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "torso art". (Only look up her most famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll encounter what we hateful.) She used her body to examine women'south sensuality and liberation from the oppressive artful and social conventions established by our patriarchal guild.

Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin's Christmas on the Other Side, Boston, 1972. Photograph Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin's work challenges traditional power relations. In add-on to documenting New York Metropolis's queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.

Elaine Sturtevant

Warhol's Marilyn Monroe (1967) by Elaine Sturtevant. Photo Courtesy: Ben Stanstall/AFP/Getty Images

Does this await similar an Andy Warhol to you? Well, that's the thought! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-right copies of large-name artists' work.

Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Even so, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the construction of fine art culture.

Ruth Asawa

Various hanging sculptures past Ruth Asawa at the De Immature Museum in San Francisco. Photo Courtesy: View Pictures/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa's last public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco Land University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during Globe War II.

Catherine Opie

Catherine Opie attends the 2007 Guggenheim International Gala on November 8, 2007 in New York City. Photo Courtesy: Shawn Ehlers/WireImage/Getty Images

Known for her studio, portrait, and mural photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the age of 9. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing then, displays diverse subcultures in formal portraits — but in a way that conveys power and respect past evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.

micha cárdenas

Even so from Sin Sol (No Sun) VR game. Photo Courtesy: micha cárdenas/YouTube

micha cárdenas is an artist, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Touch on Laurels at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Artistic Honour from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to address global issues such as racism, gendered violence, and climate change.

Lee Krasner

Lee Krasner: Living Color exhibition at Barbican Art Gallery on May 29, 2019 in London, England. Photograph Courtesy: Tristan Fewings/Getty Images for Barbican Art Gallery

Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who also specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and aggregation to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

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